We integrate the system of Jovian planets using only Newtonian gravity. The inner
planets are accounted for by adding their masses to the Sun and perturbing the Sun’s position
and linear momentum to equal that of the Sun+Mercucy+Venus+Earth+Mars system. This
ensures that the resonances between the outer planets is shifted by an amount that is second
order in this mass ratio, roughly 3 × 10^−11
(Murray and Holman 1999), which is far smaller
than the uncertainty in the outer-planet positions. We assume constant masses for all objects
and ignore many effects which are probably relevant over a 200My timescale (see for example
Laskar (1999)). We account for solar mass loss at a rate of ˙ m/m ≈ 10^−7
per million years
(Laskar 1999; Noerdlinger 2005), but note that we observe no noticable difference if we keep
the solar mass constant.
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